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History : The Panglong Agreement

 

THE PANGLONG AGREEMENT

Dated Panglong, the 12th
February 1947

THE PANGLONG AGREEMENT, 1947

A conference having been held at Panglong, attended by certain Members of the Executive Council of the Governor of Burma, all Saohpas and representative of the Shan States, the Kachin Hills and the Chin Hills:

The Members of the conference, believing that freedom will be more speedily achieved by the Shans, the Kachins and the Chins by their immediate co-operation with the Interim Burmese Government:

  1. A Representative of the Hill Peoples, selected by the Governor on the recommendation of representatives of the Supreme Council of the United Hill Peoples (SCOUHP), shall be appointed a Counsellor for Frontier Areas shall be given executive authority by similar means.
  2. The said Counsellor shall also be appointed a Member of the Governor's Executive Council, without portfolio, and the subject of Frontier Areas brought within the purview of the Executive Council by Constitutional Convention as in the case of Defence and External Affairs. The Counsellor for Frontier Areas shall be given executive authority by similar means.
  3. The said Counsellor shall be assisted by two Deputy Counsellors representing races of which he is not a member. While the two Deputy Counsellors should deal in the first instance with the affairs of their respective areas and the Counsellor with all the remaining parts of the Frontier Areas, they should by Constitutional Convention act on the principle of joint responsibility.
  4. While the Counsellor, in his capacity of Member of the Executive Council, will be the only representative of the Frontier Areas on the Council, the Deputy Counsellors shall be entitled to attend meetings of the Council when subjects pertaining to the Frontier Areas are discussed.
  5. Though the Governor's Executive Council will be augmented as agreed above, it will not operate in respect of the Frontier Areas in any manner which would deprive any portion of those Areas of the autonomy which it now enjoys in internal administration. Full autonomy in internal administration for the Frontier Areas is accepted in principle.
  6. Though the question of demarcating and establishing a separated Kachin State within a Unified Burma is one which must be relegated for decision by the Constituent Assembly, it is agreed that such a State is desirable. As a first step towards this end, the Counsellor for Frontier Areas and the Deputy Counsellors shall be consulted in the administration of such areas in the Myitkyina and the Bhamo Districts as are Part II Scheduled Areas under the Government of Burma Act of 1935.
  7. Citizens of the Frontier Areas shall enjoy rights and privileges which are regarded as fundamental in democratic countries.
  8. The arrangements accepted in this Agreement are without prejudice to the financial autonomy now vested in the Federated Shan States.
  9. The arrangements accepted in this Agreement are without prejudice to the financial assistance which the Kachin Hills and the Union Hills are entitled to receive from the revenues of Burma, and the Exeutive Council will examine with the Frontier Areas Counsellor and Deputy Counsellors the feasibility of adopting for the Kachin Hills and the Chin Hills financial arrangement similar to those between Burma and the Federated Shan States.
Shan Committee. Kachin Committee. Burmese Government.
(Signed)
Saohpalong of Tawngpeng State.		 (Signed)
(Sinwa Naw, Myitkyina)		 (Signed)
(Aung San)
(Signed)
Saohpalong of Yawnghwe State.		 (Signed)
(Zau Rip, Myitkyina)		 　
(Signed)
Saohpalong of North Hsenwi State.		 (Signed)
(Dinra Tang, Myitkyina)		 　
(Signed)
Saohpalong of Laihka State.		 (Signed)
(Zau La, Bhamo)		 　
(Signed)
Saohpalong of Mong Pawn State.		 (Signed)
(Zau Lawn, Bhamo)		 　
(Signed)
Saohpalong of Hsamonghkam State.		 (Signed)
(Labang Grong, Bhamo)		 　
(Signed)
Representative of
Hsahtung Saohpalong.
(Hkun Pung)		 　 　
(Signed)
(U Tin E)		 (Signed)
(U Htun Myint)		 Chin Committee 　
(Signed)
(U Kya Bu)		 (Signed)
(Hkun Saw)		 (Signed)
(U Hlur Hmung, Falam)		 　
(Signed)
(Sao Yape Hpa)		 (Signed)
(Hkun Htee)		 (Signed)
(U Thawng Za Khup, Tiddim)		 　
　 　 (Signed)
(U Kio Mang, Haka)		 　

ပင္လုံစာခ်ဳပ္

ျမန္မာျပည္ဘုရင္ခံ၏ အမႈေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီမွ အဖြဲ႔၀င္အခ်ဳိ႕ႏွင့္ စပ္ဖမ်ားအားလုံးတုိ႔အျပင္ ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္မ်ား၊ ကခ်င္ေတာင္တန္းေဒသမ်ားႏွင့္ ခ်င္းေတာင္တန္းေဒသတုိ႔မွ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္မ်ားတုိ႔တက္ေရာက္ၾကေသာ ပင္လုံၿမိဳ႕တြင္က်င္းပသည့္ အစည္းအေ၀းၾကီးတရပ္တြင္ ၾကားျဖတ္ျမန္မာအစုိးရႏွင့္ ခ်က္ခ်င္းပူးေပါင္းျခင္းအားျဖင့္ ရွမ္း၊ ကခ်င္ႏွင့္ ခ်င္းတုိ႔သည္ လြတ္လပ္ေရးကုိ ပုိမုိ၍ လ်င္ျမန္စြာရရွိလိမ့္မည္ဟု အစည္းအေ၀းတက္ေရာက္သူအဖြဲ႔၀င္တုိ႔သည္ ကန္႔ကြက္သူမရွိဘဲ ေအာက္ပါအတုိင္း သေဘာတူညီၾကေလသည္။

၁။ ေတာင္တန္းသားမ်ား စည္းလုံးညီညြတ္ေရးအဖြဲ႕(တစညဖ)၏ ႀကိဳးကုိင္အဖြဲ႔ကုိယ္စားလွယ္မ်ား၏ ေထာက္ခံခ်က္အရ ေတာင္တန္းသားမ်ား၏ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ တဦးကုိ ဘုရင္ခံကေရြးခ်ယ္၍ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ားကိစၥႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္အတြက္ဘုရင္ခံ၏ အတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢဳိလ္အျဖစ္ ခန္႔ထားရမည္။

၂။ ဤအတိုင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္ကုိ ဘုရင္ခံ၏ အမႈေဆာင္ေကာင္စီတြင္ ဌာနလက္ကုိင္မရွိေကာင္စီ၀င္တဦးအျဖစ္ခန္႔ထား၍ ကာကြယ္ေရးႏွင့္ ျပည္ပကိစၥရပ္မ်ားတြင္ ထုံးနည္းဥပေဒရ အမႈေဆာင္ေကာင္စီ၏ အာဏာလက္ေအာက္သုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိသည့္နည္းတူ နယ္စပ္ေဒသကိစၥမ်ားကုိလည္း အမႈေဆာင္ေကာင္စီ၏ အာဏာေအာက္သုိ႔ ေရာက္ရွိေစရမည္။ ဤနည္းလမ္းမ်ားအတုိင္း နယ္စပ္ေဒသဆုိင္ရာ အတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္အား အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္အာဏာကုိေပးအပ္ရမည္။

၃။ အဆုိပါအတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္ကုိ ၎ႏွင့္လူမ်ဳိးခ်င္းမတူေသာ ဒုတိရအတုိင္ပင္ခံႏွစ္ဦးက ကူညီေစရမည္။ ေရွးဦးစြာ ဒုတိယအတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္ႏွစ္ဦးတုိ႔သည္ ၎တုိ႔အသီးသီးသက္ဆုိင္သည့္နယ္မ်ား၏ ကိစၥရပ္မ်ားကုိ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္ျဖစ္၍ အတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္မွာအျခားနယ္စပ္ေဒသအားလုံးတုိ႔၏ ကိစၥရပ္မ်ားကုိ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေစရန္ျဖစ္သည္။ ၎တုိ႔ ထုံးနည္းဥပေဒအရ တြဲဖက္တာ၀န္ယူရသည့္မူအတုိင္း ရြက္ေဆာင္ေစရမည္။

၄။ အတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္သည္ အမႈေဆာင္ေကာင္စီတြင္ အဖြဲ႔၀င္လူၾကီးအေနျဖင့္ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ား၏ တဦးတည္းေသာကုိယ္စားလွယ္အျဖစ္ ပါ၀င္ရမည္ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ဒုတိရအတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားသည္ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ားႏွင့္ သက္ဆုိင္ရာကိစၥရပ္မ်ားကုိေဆြးေႏြးၾကသည့္ အခါ အမႈေဆာင္ေကာင္စီတြင္ တက္ေရာက္ႏုိင္ခြင့္ရွိေစရမည္။

၅။ အထက္တြင္သေဘာတူညီသည့္အတုိင္း ဘုရင္ခံ၏ အမႈေဆာင္ေကာင္စီကုိ တုိးခ်ဲ႕မည္ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ား၏ နယ္တြင္းအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးတြင္ ယခုခံစားေနရေသာ ကုိယ္ပုိင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးကုိ မည္သည့္ နည္းႏွင့္မဆုိ တစုံတရာလက္လြတ္ေစရန္ အဆုိပါ ေကာင္စီက ျပဳလုပ္ျခင္းမရွိေစရ။ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ားအတြက္ နယ္တြင္းအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးတြင္ ကုိယ္ပုိင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး ရာခုိင္ႏႈန္းအျပည့္ ရွိေစရမည္ဟူေသာမူကုိ သေဘာတူညီၾကသည္။

၆။ ပူးေပါင္းထားၿပီးသည့္ ဤျမန္မာျပည္အတြင္း သီးသန္႔ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္တခုနယ္နမိတ္ သတ္မွတ္၍ တည္ေထာင္ရန္ ျပႆနာမွာ တုိင္းျပဳျပည္ျပဳ လႊတ္ေတာ္က ဆုံးျဖတ္ရန္ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ဤကဲ့သုိ႔ သီးျခားျပည္နယ္တခု ထားရွိသင့္ေၾကာင္းကုိ သေဘာတူညီၾကသည္။ ဤရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ ထေျမာက္ရန္အလုိ႔ငွာ ပထမေျခလွမ္းအေနျဖင့္ ၁၉၃၅ ခုႏွစ္ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရ အက္ဥပေဒအရ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲစာရင္းပါ အပုိင္း(၂)ေဒသမ်ားကဲ့သုိ႔ ျမစ္ၾကီးနားႏွင့္ ဗန္းေမာ္ခရုိင္တုိ႔၏ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးတြင္နယ္စပ္ေဒသအတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္ႏွင့္ ဒုတိရအတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္အား ေဆြးေႏြးတုိင္ပင္ရမည္။

၇။ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ား၏ နယ္သူနယ္သားတုိ႔သည္ ဒီမုိကေရစီႏုိင္ငံမ်ားတြင္ အေျခခံမ်ားအျဖစ္ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳထားေသာ အခြင့္အေရးမ်ားတုိ႔ကုိ ခံစားႏုိင္ခြင့္ရွိေစရမည္။

၈။ ဤစာခ်ဳပ္တြင္ သေဘာတူညီၾကသည့္ အစီအစဥ္မွာ ပေဒသရာဇ္ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ နယ္ေျမစုတြင္ ယခုအပ္ႏွင္းထားၿပီးေသာ ဘ႑ာေရးႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္သည့္ ကုိယ္ပုိင္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးကုိ ထိခုိက္ျခင္းမရွိေစရန္။

၉။ ဤစာခ်ဳပ္တြင္ သေဘာတူညီၾကသည့္အစီအစဥ္မွာ ျမန္မာျပည္အခြန္ေတာ္ေငြမ်ားမွ ကခ်င္ေတာင္တန္းနယ္မ်ားႏွင့္ ခ်င္းေတာင္တန္းနယ္မ်ားက ရသင့္ရထုိက္ေသာ ဘ႑ာေရးအကူအညီကုိ ထိခုိက္ျခင္းမရွိေစရ၊ ျမန္မာျပည္ႏွင့္ ပေဒသရာဇ္ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ေျမစု၏ ဘ႑ာေရးအစီအစဥ္မ်ားကဲ့သုိ႔ ကခ်င္ေတာင္တန္းႏွင့္ ခ်င္းေတာင္တန္းမ်ားအတြက္ အလားတူအစီအစဥ္မ်ားကုိ ထားရွိက်င့္သုံးရန္ျဖစ္ႏုိင္မည္မျဖစ္ႏုိင္မည္ကို ဘုရင္ခံ၏ အမႈေဆာင္ေကာင္စီက နယ္စပ္ေဒသမ်ား၏ အတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္ႏွင့္ ဒုတိရအတုိင္ပင္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္တုိ႔ႏွင့္ အတူ စစ္ေဆးၾကည့္ရႈရမည္။

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရ

(ပုံ) ေအာင္ဆန္း
၁၂-၂- ၄၇

ကခ်င္ေကာ္မတီ
(ပုံ) ဆမားဒူ၀ါးဆင္၀ါးေနာင္
ျမစ္ႀကီးနား။

(ပုံ) ေဇာ္ရစ္
ျမစ္ႀကီးနား။

(ပုံ) ဒိန္ရတန္
ျမစ္ႀကီးနား။

(ပုံ) ေဇာ္လ
ဗန္းေမာ္။

(ပုံ) ေဇာ္လြန္း
ဗန္းေမာ္။

(ပုံ) လဗန္းဂေရာင္း
ဗန္းေမာ္။

ခ်င္းေကာ္မတီ
(ပုံ) ဦးလႊာမႈန္း
ေအတီအမ္၊ အုိင္တီအက္စ္ အမ္၊ ဖလမ္း။

(ပုံ) ဦးေသာင္ဇာခပ္
ေအတီအမ္း၊ တီးတိန္။

(ပုံ) ဦးကြယ္မန္း
ေအတီအမ္၊ ဟားခါး။

ရွမ္းေကာ္မတီ
(ပုံ) ခြန္းပန္စိန္။
ေတာင္ပုိင္းစပ္ဖလုံ။

(ပုံ) စပ္ေရႊသိုက္
ေညာင္ေရႊစပ္ဖလုံ။

(ပုံ) စပ္ဟုံဖ
ေျမာက္ပုိင္းသိႏၷီစပ္ဖလုံ။

(ပုံ) စပ္ႏြံ
လဲခ်ားစပ္ဖလုံ။

(ပုံ) စပ္စံထြန္း
မုိင္းပြန္စပ္ဖလုံ။

(ပုံ) စပ္ထန္ေအး
သာမုိင္းခမ္းစပ္ဖလုံ။

(ပုံ) ဦးျဖဴ
သထုံ စပ္ဖလုံ၏ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္။

(ပုံ) ခြန္းဖုံး
ေျမာက္ပုိင္း သိႏၷီ

(ပုံ) ဦးတင္ဧ
(ပုံ) ဦးထြန္းျမင့္
(ပုံ) ဦးၾကာပု
(ပုံ) ဦးခြန္ေစာ
(ပုံ) စပ္ရစ္ဖ။
(ပုံ) ဦးခြန္ထီး။